Matplotlib 绘图标记
绘图过程如果我们想要给坐标自定义一些不一样的标记,就可以使用 plot() 方法的 marker 参数来定义。
以下实例定义了实心圆标记:
实例
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
ypoints = np.array([1,3,4,5,8,9,6,1,3,4,5,2,4])
plt.plot(ypoints, marker = 'o')
plt.show()
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
ypoints = np.array([1,3,4,5,8,9,6,1,3,4,5,2,4])
plt.plot(ypoints, marker = 'o')
plt.show()
显示结果如下:
marker 可以定义的符号如下:
标记 | 符号 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
"." | ![]() | 点 |
"," | ![]() | 像素点 |
"o" | ![]() | 实心圆 |
"v" | ![]() | 下三角 |
"^" | ![]() | 上三角 |
"<" | ![]() | 左三角 |
">" | ![]() | 右三角 |
"1" | ![]() | 下三叉 |
"2" | ![]() | 上三叉 |
"3" | ![]() | 左三叉 |
"4" | ![]() | 右三叉 |
"8" | ![]() | 八角形 |
"s" | ![]() | 正方形 |
"p" | ![]() | 五边形 |
"P" | ![]() | 加号(填充) |
"*" | ![]() | 星号 |
"h" | ![]() | 六边形 1 |
"H" | ![]() | 六边形 2 |
"+" | ![]() | 加号 |
"x" | ![]() | 乘号 x |
"X" | ![]() | 乘号 x (填充) |
"D" | ![]() | 菱形 |
"d" | ![]() | 瘦菱形 |
"|" | ![]() | 竖线 |
"_" | ![]() | 横线 |
0 (TICKLEFT) | ![]() | 左横线 |
1 (TICKRIGHT) | ![]() | 右横线 |
2 (TICKUP) | ![]() | 上竖线 |
3 (TICKDOWN) | ![]() | 下竖线 |
4 (CARETLEFT) | ![]() | 左箭头 |
5 (CARETRIGHT) | ![]() | 右箭头 |
6 (CARETUP) | ![]() | 上箭头 |
7 (CARETDOWN) | ![]() | 下箭头 |
8 (CARETLEFTBASE) | ![]() | 左箭头 (中间点为基准) |
9 (CARETRIGHTBASE) | ![]() | 右箭头 (中间点为基准) |
10 (CARETUPBASE) | ![]() | 上箭头 (中间点为基准) |
11 (CARETDOWNBASE) | ![]() | 下箭头 (中间点为基准) |
"None", " " or "" | 没有任何标记 | |
'$...$' | ![]() | 渲染指定的字符。例如 "$f$" 以字母 f 为标记。 |
以下实例定义了 * 标记:
实例
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
ypoints = np.array([1,3,4,5,8,9,6,1,3,4,5,2,4])
plt.plot(ypoints, marker = '*')
plt.show()
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
ypoints = np.array([1,3,4,5,8,9,6,1,3,4,5,2,4])
plt.plot(ypoints, marker = '*')
plt.show()
显示结果如下:
以下实例定义了下箭头:
实例
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.markers
plt.plot([1, 2, 3], marker=matplotlib.markers.CARETDOWNBASE)
plt.show()
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.markers
plt.plot([1, 2, 3], marker=matplotlib.markers.CARETDOWNBASE)
plt.show()
显示结果如下:
fmt 参数
fmt 参数定义了基本格式,如标记、线条样式和颜色。
fmt = '[marker][line][color]'
例如 o:r,o 表示实心圆标记,: 表示虚线,r 表示颜色为红色。实例
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
ypoints = np.array([6, 2, 13, 10])
plt.plot(ypoints, 'o:r')
plt.show()
显示结果如下:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
ypoints = np.array([6, 2, 13, 10])
plt.plot(ypoints, 'o:r')
plt.show()
线类型:
线类型标记 | 描述 | |
---|---|---|
'-' | 实线 | |
':' | 虚线 | |
'--' | 破折线 | |
'-.' | 点划线 |
颜色类型:
颜色标记 | 描述 | |
---|---|---|
'r' | 红色 | |
'g' | 绿色 | |
'b' | 蓝色 | |
'c' | 青色 | |
'm' | 品红 | |
'y' | 黄色 | |
'k' | 黑色 | |
'w' | 白色 |
标记大小与颜色
我们可以自定义标记的大小与颜色,使用的参数分别是:- markersize,简写为 ms:定义标记的大小。
- markerfacecolor,简写为 mfc:定义标记内部的颜色。
- markeredgecolor,简写为 mec:定义标记边框的颜色。
设置标记大小:
实例
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
ypoints = np.array([6, 2, 13, 10])
plt.plot(ypoints, marker = 'o', ms = 20)
plt.show()
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
ypoints = np.array([6, 2, 13, 10])
plt.plot(ypoints, marker = 'o', ms = 20)
plt.show()
显示结果如下:
设置标记外边框颜色:
实例
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
ypoints = np.array([6, 2, 13, 10])
plt.plot(ypoints, marker = 'o', ms = 20, mec = 'r')
plt.show()
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
ypoints = np.array([6, 2, 13, 10])
plt.plot(ypoints, marker = 'o', ms = 20, mec = 'r')
plt.show()
显示结果如下:
设置标记内部颜色:
实例
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
ypoints = np.array([6, 2, 13, 10])
plt.plot(ypoints, marker = 'o', ms = 20, mfc = 'r')
plt.show()
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
ypoints = np.array([6, 2, 13, 10])
plt.plot(ypoints, marker = 'o', ms = 20, mfc = 'r')
plt.show()
显示结果如下:
自定义标记内部与边框的颜色:
实例
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
ypoints = np.array([6, 2, 13, 10])
plt.plot(ypoints, marker = 'o', ms = 20, mec = '#4CAF50', mfc = '#4CAF50')
plt.show()
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
ypoints = np.array([6, 2, 13, 10])
plt.plot(ypoints, marker = 'o', ms = 20, mec = '#4CAF50', mfc = '#4CAF50')
plt.show()
显示结果如下: