莫队学习笔记

hile(l < ql) now -= (!--cnt[aa[l++]])/*del(l++)*/;//先cnt--，然后 ！，然后++ 
while(l > ql) now += (!cnt[aa[--l]]++)/*add(--l)*/;//先--l，然后！，然后++ 
while(r < qr) now += (!cnt[aa[++r]]++)/*add(++r)*/;//先++r，然后！，然后++ 
while(r > qr) now -= (!--cnt[aa[r--]])/*del(r--)*/;//先cnt--,然后！，然后--

include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <cmath>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
#define maxn 1010000
#define maxb 1010
#define isdigit(x) ((x) >= '0' && (x) <= '9')
int aa[maxn], cnt[maxn], belong[maxn];
int n, m, size, bnum, now, ans[maxn];
struct query {
	int l, r, id;
} q[maxn];
int cmp(query a, query b) {//对于左端点在同一奇数块的区间，右端点按升序排列，反之降序
	return (belong[a.l]==belong[b.l]) ? ((belong[a.l] & 1) ? a.r < b.r : a.r > b.r):belong[a.l] < belong[b.l] ;
}
/*void add(int pos) {
    if(!cnt[aa[pos]]) ++now;
    ++cnt[aa[pos]];
}
void del(int pos) {
    --cnt[aa[pos]];
    if(!cnt[aa[pos]]) --now;
}*/
int read() {
	int res = 0;
	char c = getchar();
	while(!isdigit(c)) c = getchar();
	while(isdigit(c)) res = (res << 1) + (res << 3) + c - 48, c = getchar();
	return res;
}
void printi(int x) {
	if(x / 10) printi(x / 10);
	putchar(x % 10 + '0');
}
int main() {
	scanf("%d", &n);
	size = sqrt(n);
	bnum =ceil((double)n / size);
	for(int i = 1; i <= bnum; ++i) 
		for(int j = (i - 1) * size + 1; j <= i * size;j++) {
			belong[j] = i;
		}
	for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) aa[i] = read(); 
	m = read();
	for(int i = 1; i <= m; ++i) {
		q[i].l = read(), q[i].r = read();
		q[i].id = i;
	}
	sort(q + 1, q + m + 1, cmp);
	int l = 1, r = 0;
	for(int i = 1; i <= m; ++i) {
		int ql = q[i].l, qr = q[i].r;
		while(l < ql) now -= (!--cnt[aa[l++]])/*del(l++)*/;//先cnt--，然后 ！，然后++ 
		while(l > ql) now += (!cnt[aa[--l]]++)/*add(--l)*/;//先--l，然后！，然后++ 
		while(r < qr) now += (!cnt[aa[++r]]++)/*add(++r)*/;//先++r，然后！，然后++ 
		while(r > qr) now -= (!--cnt[aa[r--]])/*del(r--)*/;//先cnt--,然后！，然后-- 
		ans[q[i].id] = now;
	}
	for(int i = 1; i <= m; ++i) printi(ans[i]), putchar('\n');
	return 0;
}